即將畢業(yè),同學(xué)們開始了論文的寫作。但是對于英語論文的格式,同學(xué)們有著很大的苦惱。希望下面關(guān)于英語論文的格式范文,能夠幫到大家。
格式要求
一.注釋格式
為統(tǒng)一格式起見,本系英語專業(yè)學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文的注釋采用尾注和夾注,不采用腳注。凡是對論文中某一單詞、詞組、引文、或某一說法進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充性說明的,采用尾注(即下文第1條所說的End-notes)的方式,但在論文里英文統(tǒng)一采用Notes一詞(見附錄1);凡是在論文中使用直接引語或間接引語的,一律采用文中夾注的方式(見下文第2條)。
1.尾注(End-notes)
在正文需注釋處的右上方按順序加注數(shù)碼①②③……,在論文的正文之后寫注文,每條注文加對應(yīng)數(shù)碼,回行時(shí)與上一行注文對齊。加注數(shù)碼與數(shù)碼對齊。
2.夾注(In-text Citations)
某些引文和/或所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)無需詳細(xì)注釋者,以夾注的形式隨文在括弧內(nèi)注明。
來自專著的直接引語,作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)
格式: 出版年份:頁碼
例如:
Rees said,“As key aspects of learning are not stable,but changeable,this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process”(1986:241).
2)來自專著的直接引語,作者姓名在文中沒有出現(xiàn)
格式: 作者姓名 出版年份:頁碼。
例如:
“我們所懂得的只是實(shí)體存在的片段,可以肯定地說,一切具有重大意義的理論至多只能是部分地真實(shí),但這不應(yīng)作為放棄理論研究的借口”(Chomsky 1979:48) 。
“One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture”(Fung 1995:71).
如果引述的內(nèi)容為大段原文(超過四行),所引原文左邊雙倍縮進(jìn)(即10個(gè)字符),右邊與上下文對齊。 引文一般用冒號引出,引文不加引號(注意例句末句號與括號的位置)。
例如:
He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social novel. He describes his process of creation thus:
I found, while writing spontaneously, that I was always translating dialogue from the original Punjabi into English. The way in which my mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been expressed in any other way except in an almost literal translation, which might carry over the sound and the sense of the original speech. I also found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the prose narrative in Punjabi, or n Hindustani and only one-third in the English language. This happened usually while I was writing stories and novels. (Anand 1979:36)
4)來自某篇文章的直接引語,作者姓名在文中沒有出現(xiàn)
格式: 作者姓名(英文只注姓)、出版年月
例如:
“Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as‘just’words—but there isn’t.” (Baston 1972)
5)來自專著的間接引語,作者的姓名在文中已經(jīng)提到
格式: 出版年份:引文頁碼
例如:
According to Alun Rees(1986:234),the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.
6)來自專著的間接引語,作者的姓名在文中沒有提到
格式: 作者姓名、出版年份;引文頁碼
例如:
It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance.(see Robertson 1987:136)
注:如所述觀點(diǎn)可直接從原文找到,用(c.f.: Robertson 1987:136)
7)提到某人的觀點(diǎn)(沒有提到姓名)
格式:作者姓名,發(fā)表年份
例如:
This point has been argued before. (Frye 1998)
A number of studies do not find texts with long series of Terms which derive from a single semantic field. (Thompson 1985; Francis 1989/1990)
8)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資料
格式: 編號(自設(shè))
例如:
“A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a text’s critical difference from itself.” (Net.2)
注:Net.2.“征引文獻(xiàn)”中的編號,是為了便于注明文內(nèi)引語的出處。參考第二部分《參考文獻(xiàn)》中的第4點(diǎn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資料”。
二.參考文獻(xiàn)格式(Bibliography)
外語專業(yè)學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文中的外文參考文獻(xiàn)和中文參考文獻(xiàn)分別歸類排列,外文的排在前,中文的排在后。英文的參考文獻(xiàn)按作者姓名的英文字母順序排列,無明顯作者的英文參考文獻(xiàn)(如某些詞典、辭書、百科全書)則按書名的英文字母順序排列。中文的參考文獻(xiàn)按作者姓名的拼音字母順序排列,無明顯作者的中文參考文獻(xiàn)按書名拼音字母順序排列。參考文獻(xiàn)在第一行寫不完的,第二行縮進(jìn)5個(gè)字符。注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)與空格。
1.著作類(Books)
格式: 作者的姓名,書名,出版地,出版單位和出版年份。
Format: Author’s last name, given name, Title. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
獨(dú)立作者
Fairbanks, Carol. Prairie Women: Images in American and Canadian Fiction. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
2) 同一作者兩本以上的參考書
Fairbank, John K. China Perceived: Images and Policies in Chinese-American Relations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.
______China Watch. Cambridge & London: Harvard University Press, 1987.
同一作者兩本以上同年出版的參考書
Newmark, Peter A. Approaches to Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998a.
______ Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998b.
4) 同一本書有兩作者
Grayling, A.C. & Whitfield, Susan. China: A Literary Companion. London: John Murray, 1994.
5)同一本書有三位作者以上者
Edens, Walter. et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
6) 書的主編
Hall, David. ed. The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
7) 機(jī)構(gòu)作者A Book by a Corporate Author
American Library Association. Intellectual Freedom Manual (2nd ed). Chicago: ALA, 1983.
高等學(xué)校外語學(xué)刊研究會(huì). 外國語言研究論文索引 (1990-1994). 上海:上***語教育出版社,1996.
8) 無作者署名的書
Encyclopedia of Photography. New York: Crown, 1984.
現(xiàn)代漢語詞典. 北京:商務(wù)印書館,1992.
9) 一書多冊
Blotner, Johnson. Faulkner: A Biography (2 vols.). New York: Random, 1974.
張道真. 現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典(5冊). 上海:上海譯文出版社,1993.
10) 翻譯著作
Arkush, R. David & Lee, Leo O. trans. & eds. Land without Ghost: Chinese impressions of America from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
趙元任. 中國話的文法. 丁邦新譯. 香港:香港中文大學(xué)出版社,1968.
11) 政府文件
National Institute of Mental Health. Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress and Implications for the Eighties. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1995). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982.
《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法》。香港:三聯(lián)書店有限公司,1991.
12) 學(xué)位論文
Conceison, Claire A. Significant Other: Representations of the American in Contemporary Chinese Spoken Drama. Cornell University, May 2000.
2.文章類
格式:作者姓名,篇名,刊名,刊物的卷號和期號,年份,文章的起止頁碼。
Format: Author’s last name, given name. Article title. Journal title, Volume number (Issre/Issue number), year: page number.
1) 期刊文章Periodical Articles
Bolinger, D. “The Atomization of Meaning”, Language 41 (1965): 555-573.
Fulwiler, T. “How Well Does Writing across Teaching Work?” College English 46 (1984): 13-25.
Prakash, Gyan. “Orientalism Now”, History and Theory 34 (3) (1995): 199-212.
陳淵. 國外英語教材初探.《外國語》第1期,1979:66-68.
呂叔湘,饒長溶. 試論非謂形容詞,《中國語文》第2期,1981:81-85.
2)論文集的文章An Article in an Anthology or the Published Proceedings of a Conference
Peters, M. & Stephen, T. B. “Interaction Routines as Cultural Influences upon Language Acquisition” In Schieffelin, B.B. & Ochs, E. eds. Language Socialization Across Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986: 80-96.
3) 報(bào)紙署名文章A Signed Article in a Daily Newspaper
Darst, James. “Environmentalists Want Hotels, Concessions Removed from US Parks”, Boston Globe, May 25, 1988:17.
吳天. 外來語與我國文化的沖突.《牛城日報(bào)》10月23日,2000:B5.
4) 工具書署名文章A Signed Article in a Reference Book
Tobias, R. & Thurber, J. Encyclopedia Americana. 1987 ed.
南文. 聯(lián)合國的口述錄音翻譯.《中國翻譯詞典》1997年版.
5) 工具書非署名文章An Unsigned Article in a Reference Book
Tharp, Twyla. Who’s Who of American Women. 15th ed. 1987-88.
6)社論An Editorial
Young, Gifted, Black----and Inspired. Editorial. Washington Post, May 18, 1988:20.
大力加強(qiáng)金融系統(tǒng)思想政治工作——紀(jì)念中國共產(chǎn)黨誕生79周年.《金融時(shí)報(bào)》7月1日社論,2000:1.
3.非文字材料Non-print
1) 電腦軟件Computer Software
格式:制作人姓名、軟件名稱(說明是電腦軟件)、版本,年份。
Format: Computer programmer’s last name, given name. Title (Computer software). Model number, year.
Rosenberg, Victor, et al. Pro-Cite. Vers.1.3. (Computer software). IBM PCDOC 2.0, 256KB, disk, 1987.
2) 電影、電視、廣播、幻燈、錄像、錄音、藝術(shù)品Films, TV and Radio Programs, Slides, Videotapes, Audiotapes and Art Works
格式:片名(或節(jié)目名),導(dǎo)演姓名,出品地(或播出臺(tái)和播出地),年份(或播出日期)。
Format: Name of film. Director’s last name, given name. Place of production, year (or date of showing).
The Last Emperor (Film). Bertolucci, Bernardo (Director). With J. Lone & P. O’Toole. Columbia, 1987.
If God Ever Listened: A Portrait of Alice Walker. Horizons (Radio program). Rosenthal, Jane (Producer). NPR. WBST, Muncie. 3 Mar. 1984.
Too Smart for Strangers (Videotapes). Brandt, F. (Producer) & Messina, P.E. (Director). Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Home Video, 1985.
《我的父親母親》(電影),張藝謀(導(dǎo)演)。北京,1998.
3) CD-ROM或磁碟
“Yokel.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.